Hydraulic Car Lift

We all have heard about Hydraulic lifts sometime in our life, but some of you may think that how it works or how to build one for ourselves.

Today we are going to discuss about lifting cars using Hydraulics, which is based on Pascal concept.

Why understanding Hydraulics important?

Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties.


Concept:

Pascal's law states that the pressure applied at one point of the liquid is transmitted equally in all direction. This principal is applied in hydraulic lift, for lifting heavy objects.

We know 


Force = Pressure x Area

Therefore Pressure = Force / Area

P1 = P2 (if pressures are equal throughout).

Formula becomes F1/A1 = F2/A2

Using above formula we can lift heavy materials using little force. For e.g. here we are lifting 10 pound using 1 pound.

Flying Cars

A flying car or roadable aircraft is an aircraft that can also travel along roads. All the working examples have required some manual or automated process of conversion between the two modes of operation.

Some of you thinking that why I have discussed this project now. The main reason behind it, is recently revealed car at Holland. A flying car, which can fly for up to 315 miles at speeds of 110mph, has been produced in Holland.

Concept :

To build flying car you should read about Parajet Skycar now in production, developed by British paramotor manufacturer Parajet.

GSM Operated Robot

Mobiles are very common today and there are very few places left where mobile signals can't reach.Imagine, when you can control robots from anywhere in the world and  this is now possible with GSM operated robot.

GSM (SMS) Controlled Wireless Robot” is automatic robots which are capable of receiving signal using your mobile, for e.g. in the video given below that robot is controlled by keys dialed using mobile. When mobile user dial 6 robot starts moving forward and when user dials 3 it stops.

Other Uses :

This technology can be used to lock and open door of your house, controlling electronic appliances at your home and starting or turning off your car.

Related PDF :
GSM Based Electrical Control System



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Analysis of EGR emission reduction technique

In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders.

 In a gasoline engine, this inert exhaust displaces the amount of combustible matter in the cylinder. In a diesel engine, the exhaust gas replaces some of the excess oxygen in the pre-combustion mixture. The principal function of EGR to reduce the amount of NOX that is produced during the combustion process Nox is created by high combustion temperature that allowed the Nitrogen and Oxygen to combined and form Nitrogen Oxide. A combustion temperature of at least 2500 degree is required to form Nitrogen oxide. We use exhaust gases to curb that temperature inside  the chamber.




Project Idea :

This idea is to understand details of the thermal and mechanical properties of the deposit layer, and how they are affected by operating conditions, The student will work with our group to improve test hardware, conduct experiments, and interpret results. It will provide hands on experience in a modern engine test cell with an advanced heat transfer study.

 

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Power Transmission without Wires

Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without artificial interconnecting conductors. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible.

Tesla discovered that electrical energy can be transmitted through the earth and the atmosphere. In the course of his research he successfully lit lamps at moderate distances and was able to detect the transmitted energy at much greater distances.

Uses : 
Phones are now an integral component in the daily lives of people. Smartphones give access to movies, internet, and even books. This versatility and increased use can also lead to a shorter battery life. A phone with video viewing capabilities will be a heavy load on the unit’s battery. With phones utilizing 3G and 4G technology, even heavier demands are placed on the battery. As technology improves even further to provide for a larger entertainment experience on the phone, this could also lead to further battery degradation if the current battery situation isn’t addressed. To have a fully operational phone throughout the day, a wireless energy transfer car charger can be utilized.

Related PDF :
Recharge laptops and cellphones.
Power transmission to moving vehicles.

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Pelton wheel Project

The Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine which is among the most efficient types of water turbines.The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse (momentum) of moving water, as opposed to its weight like traditional overshot water wheel.Older turbines used water power inefficiently.The shape of Pelton turbine made it more efficient.


Useful links :

Calculations for my Pelton wheel turbine
Pelton Turbine Manual (1.6 MB)




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Can Crusher Experiment

Can crushing is very important to reuse aluminum in these cans. Moreover this contribute to significantly lower the waste management problem. These can crusher can be made to work mechanically so that no electricity is needed to crush them.

Why can crushing project is important?

Process of can crushing is very complex now. Every one throw there waste including cans to the dustbin, from there it is collected to throw in a city garbage area. Waste management people collect each can from there manually. And then these cans go for recycling in a big crusher. This whole process takes large amount of time and energy. We can reduce this problem if we crush them manually or with little electricity and then use them or sell them to aluminum buyers.


Useful Links :

Plasma Dynamic Can Crusher :  A 100 micro-Farad capacitor is charged up to 10 kV which discharges through a 3 turn copper coil upon triggering the spark gap switch. The magnetic field thus produced in the coil is so strong that any soda can, within the coil, will be crushed.

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Homemade Can Crusher :

 
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pneumatic vacuum cleaner

Pneumatic or pneumatic vacuum cleaners are a specialized form of models that hook up to compressed air. They commonly can accommodate both wet and dry soilage, a useful feature in industrial plants and manufacturing facilities.

Important things to know :

Compressed air is air which is kept under a certain pressure, usually greater than that of the atmosphere.This air pressure is controlled using pressure regulator which is a valve that automatically cuts off the flow of a liquid or gas at a certain pressure. Regulators are used to allow high-pressure fluid supply lines or tanks to be reduced to safe and/or usable pressures for various applications.

Useful PDF :

Pneumatic Systems 


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Pedal operated power generating system

 
Pedal powered system can be used to recharge your cell phones, laptops or to power your camping outside. This is just a start but in future if it gets implemented in local exercise parlor and in every bicycle in a optimized way , it can produce electricity on large scale. Moreover , this method used successfully in recent wall street demonstration.



Things to know : 

Alternator : An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.

Alternators generate electricity using the same principle as DC generators, namely, when the magnetic field around a conductor changes, a current is induced in the conductor. Typically, a rotating magnet, called the rotor turns within a stationary set of conductors wound in coils on an iron core, called the stator. The field cuts across the conductors, generating an induced EMF (electromotive force), as the mechanical input causes the rotor to turn.

Inverter : An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current.

 
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With the help of an alternator, mountain bike and an inverter, we can run a human-powered 220 Watt food processor as shown below :

 

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Bending Light

Objective : Study about light and what happens when it gets bend.

Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one medium to another at any angle other than 90° or 0°.


Category : Physics Project Idea

Grade : 8th class students

Difficulty : Easy

Experiment :

How does light bend in sugar water :

Fish tank filled with sugar water solution (5 parts water, 1 part corn syrup) and left to settle over the weekend results in an index of refraction that varies with depth (greater at the bottom of the tank). Because of the variation in the index of refraction, light bends instead of traveling in a straight line.

Things to know :
Snell's Law : is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water and glass.

Electromagnetic Radiations : is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water and glass.

Speed of Light :  299 792 458 m / s

Sun is 150 million km 's away from earth. Can you imagine , with the speed of light , it takes only 8 minute 19 seconds to reach from sun to earth.You can measure speed of light yourself with the help of microwave. In the video given below , it has shown that how we can measure the speed of light with the help of wave formations on chocolate .

Permittivity:

Absolute permittivity is the measure of the resistance that is encountered when forming an electric field in a medium. In other words, permittivity is a measure of how an electric field affects, and is affected by, a dielectric medium. The permittivity of a medium describes how much electric field (more correctly, flux) is 'generated' per unit charge.

Optics :

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.

Ray Tracing: In computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for generating an image by tracing the path of light through pixels in an image plane and simulating the effects of its encounters with virtual objects.

Fermat's Principle : Fermat's principle or the principle of least time is the principle that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. This principle is sometimes taken as the definition of a ray of light.

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Pedal powered Grinding Mill

Grain grinder needs no introduction, it has a significant contribution in our life whether we have it at our home or not but we all are dependent on it for our food. This project idea is for mechanical and physics students.



There are basically two types of grinders :


1.Automatic Electric Machine driven grinder

2. Human powered grinder


Purpose: This project is based on human powered grinder. Instead of driving it by hand , we would use cycle pedals to grind wheat or other grains.

Concept:  We will connect cycle wheel with grinder using different gears.By rotating wheels with the help of pedal , our pedal powered grinder starts to rotate. Remaining all the parts works as they do in traditional grinders.

Merits :

1.It will save electricity

2.Easier to maintain

3Make yourself fit.

Useful Articles:

Will bike for food

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Mini bio fuel gas turbine

A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between.In mini bio gas fuel turbine, we would rotate the turbine using energy of bio fuel gas.

Tiny Bio Gas generator 



Bio fuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation. Bio-fuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion, as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels and various bio gases.


In this project we would use bio gas as a fuel.

Merits of bio gas

Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material, and crops.Moreover, bio gas has 60 % of Methane gas which can be used as productive gas to rotate a turbine.  To read more about bio gas uses click here.

Concept

When we fill the dump or waste in tank , and cover it tightly to cut the supply of oxygen , bacteria starts producing methane gas inside the tank. By connecting this tank with the tube we can use this methane gas. In this project we would use this gas to generate electricity.

How it works ?



Bio Gas plant at home :


Useful PDF :

Fabrication of functional mesoscopic ceramic parts for micro gas turbine engine

Technical summary of combined power plant

Source Code :

Python : Gas Turbine Developer "gtdev" is an open source tool which assists the engineer in developing a new gas turbine (1D Thermo and Aerodynamics). It is created by the student research group "Hummingbird - TUM Gas Turbines" placed at the LFA, TU Munich

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Ansys Projects

ANSYS Multiphysics/Structure mechanics module.This code is based on the Finite element method and is capable of performing static (stress) analysis, thermal analysis, modal analysis, frequency response analysis, transient simulation and also coupled field analysis.

Projects based on this topic is for Mechanical , Physics and Electronics engineering students. I am giving few ideas based on this software.Moreover , you can analyze any machine using this tool.

Project ideas :

Using ANSYS Workbench for Thermal Behavior of an Electrical Wire

Design, optimization and simulation on microelectromagnetic pump

Finite element analysis for the semi-solid state forming of aluminium alloy considering induction heating

Transient Thermal Analysis of a Pipe Support Bracket

Beam Bending 

Axisymmetric Analysis of a Pressure Vessel

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