Electronics and Engineering Projects

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.

This post is a extended part of posts I have written before on electrical and electronics project ideas.

Feedback Circuits

It is an important concept for electronic circuit designers.You can do lots of project based on feedback concept.Perhaps you can design a circuit(s) that demonstrates how adjusting one part of a circuit causes another part to reflect feedback.

Thermostat is one of the best example of feedback device. A thermostat is a component of a control system which senses the temperature of a system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint. The thermostat does this by switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or regulating the flow of a heat transfer fluid as needed, to maintain the correct temperature.

Line follower Robot

Some of the earliest Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) were line following mobile robots. They might follow a visual line painted or embedded in the floor or ceiling or an electrical wire in the floor. Most of these robots operated a simple "keep the line in the center sensor" algorithm.

This simple robot is designed to be able to follow a black line on the ground without getting off the line too much. The robot has two sensors installed underneath the front part of the body, and two DC motors drive wheels moving forward. A circuit inside takes an input signal from two sensors and controls the speed of wheels’ rotation. The control is done in such a way that when a sensor senses a black line, the motor slows down or even stops. Then the difference of rotation speed makes it possible to make turns. For instance, in the figure on the right, if the sensor somehow senses a black line, the wheel on that side slows down and the robot will make a right turn.


Useful Material :

A Line follower Robot (PDF)
Line follower robot  (pdf)
LFR at Colorado (PPT)

RFID based mobile payment system

Mobile payment is an alternative payment method. Instead of paying with cash, cheque or credit cards, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for a wide range of services and digital or hard goods.

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. Some tags require no battery and are powered by the electromagnetic fields used to read them.

Mobile Payment system is a service that aims to securely and conveniently move retail banking and financial services to cell-phones. It is a mobile-banking facility for the unbanked.
How to build my own ?

Circuit Diagram and Details



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Wireless Gesture Controlled Toy

The objective of this project is to build a toy car that can be controlled by gesture wirelessly. User is able to control motions of the car by wearing the controller glove and performing predefined gestures.

This project provides a basic platform for many potential applications such as wireless controlled toys racing games, gesture human-machine interfacing, and etc.

How it works?

More info at Cornell University Page


How to build one ?

Complete details about Gesture Controlled Tank Toy

Useful Link :

Wireless USB Gesture Input System

Related Video :




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Computer Controlled wireless Robot

Computer controlled cars are mini robots which can be controlled with or without wires using our computer's input devices.

Now, question arises

Why do we need computer controlled cars?

We need computer because tasks which computer can perform can't be done by robot itself. To perform these tasks, we transfer data from robot to computer and perform processing on computer and accordingly transfer instructions back to the robot. Using this mechanism we can analyze images and data or even do video recording.

How it's possible?

Suppose , our car has camera installed and if it can relay that camera recording to our computer , computer can store that video data into our computer hard disk or by using complex algorithms can find out whether there is any in front obstacle or not. Not only that, with the help of relaying data our computer can take decisions for our robot and control it remotely.
How to build one?

Computer controlled RC Car with camera
Ashish Blog to get complete details of how to build your own 




Related PDF :

Wireless Computer Controlled Robotics Using Microcontroller
Computer controlled Robots
Nasa Final Report

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GSM Operated Robot

Mobiles are very common today and there are very few places left where mobile signals can't reach.Imagine, when you can control robots from anywhere in the world and  this is now possible with GSM operated robot.

GSM (SMS) Controlled Wireless Robot” is automatic robots which are capable of receiving signal using your mobile, for e.g. in the video given below that robot is controlled by keys dialed using mobile. When mobile user dial 6 robot starts moving forward and when user dials 3 it stops.

Other Uses :

This technology can be used to lock and open door of your house, controlling electronic appliances at your home and starting or turning off your car.

Related PDF :
GSM Based Electrical Control System



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Power Transmission without Wires

Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without artificial interconnecting conductors. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible.

Tesla discovered that electrical energy can be transmitted through the earth and the atmosphere. In the course of his research he successfully lit lamps at moderate distances and was able to detect the transmitted energy at much greater distances.

Uses : 
Phones are now an integral component in the daily lives of people. Smartphones give access to movies, internet, and even books. This versatility and increased use can also lead to a shorter battery life. A phone with video viewing capabilities will be a heavy load on the unit’s battery. With phones utilizing 3G and 4G technology, even heavier demands are placed on the battery. As technology improves even further to provide for a larger entertainment experience on the phone, this could also lead to further battery degradation if the current battery situation isn’t addressed. To have a fully operational phone throughout the day, a wireless energy transfer car charger can be utilized.

Related PDF :
Recharge laptops and cellphones.
Power transmission to moving vehicles.

Related Video :

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Pelton wheel Project

The Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine which is among the most efficient types of water turbines.The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse (momentum) of moving water, as opposed to its weight like traditional overshot water wheel.Older turbines used water power inefficiently.The shape of Pelton turbine made it more efficient.


Useful links :

Calculations for my Pelton wheel turbine
Pelton Turbine Manual (1.6 MB)




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Talking Robots with Lego Mindstorms

From the days of "Small Wonder" TV show , I always wanted to have one robot which can talk and response just like human.To build one as Robotic Project is really interesting. This project is going to be very interesting and challenging because our robot requires not only speak capability but should have artificial intelligence to learn from its surroundings.

Architecture for talking robots consists of four main modules:

• Dialogue system
• Speech client with speech recognition and synthesis capabilities
• Module for infrared communication between the PC and the RCX and
• the program that runs on the RCX itself.

Useful PDF:

Talking Robots With LEGO MindStorms

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PLC automatic Bottle Filling Machine

Importance of Bottle filling is realized by us when we see how many bottle we use in our daily life. Bottles are everywhere from cold drink to beer ,toilet cleaner to medicine etc etc.These bottle is filled with the help of filling machine without which it would have very difficult task. This project is about these machines.

This project is for both mechanical and electronics student because it has properties of both.
Related PDF and Docs :

Design of a Bottling Line Mechanism ( 4 MB )

Micro controller used in bottle filling plant(4.2 MB) 

Useful things to know : 
 
PLC : 
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines.

Related Video : 

 
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Cellphone Detector

Cell phone detectors are used to detect cell phones comes into its range. It is very useful device in security campuses where cell phones are not allowed. Now days, It can be used at places like movie halls and theaters where mobile phones are banned.

Useful Links :
Amazing all band receiver
Cell phone detection

Related PDF :

Summary of Emissions Testing for Cell Phone Detector
Study of Cellular Phone Detection Technique

Circuit Diagram of video given below

Optical Character Recognition

What is OCR ?

Optical Character Recognition is a process of extracting text from images. You have noticed that whenever you scan text document ,you can't able to edit it with the help of text editor but with the help of OCR you can
do it

This technology is very important not only for editing scanned documents but for the future of automatic cars.To make a automatic driven car , car should have capability to read instructions written on the street.Moreover, this technology is used by search engines to read what is written on images.

Even though, many believes that it is a solved problem, I don't agree with them.You would not agree with them either after using some OCR software because they still not giving perfect result.  


Related PDF :

Learning on the fly: a font-free approach toward multilingual OCR
Document Specific Modelling

Source Codes :

OCRopus : Open Source OCR Project sponsored by google

OCR code in MATLAB

Python :

gImageReader : A graphical GTK frontend to tesseract-ocr

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Design of single phase induction motor drive

An induction motor or asynchronous motor is a type of alternating current motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of electromagnetic induction. When I was searching for this project, I found report of Wisconsin University students on Design consideration for single phase induction motor with complete details and analysis.

This project idea is for students of Electrical and Electronics engineering.I think this project is popular among ECE students.Moreover,  I received mail regarding more information about this topic.University of Illinois students has worked on Low Cost Single Phase Powered Induction Machine Drive for Residential Applications to construct cost competitive with traditional single phase induction machine solutions while improving system performance.Other Student of UW-Madison Jianming Yao worked on Adjustable Speed Control Using DSP and Microcontroller.

Related Video:

Induction motor single phased

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Anti Collision System

What is Precrash System ?

Automatic Driving and Collision warning demo

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GPS Based Anti Collision Mechanism

RFID Anti-Collision System Using the Spread Spectrum Technique


Implementation of an Anti-Collision Differential-Offset Spread Spectrum RFID System

Anti Collision Protocol

Driver Warning System

Vehicle Traffic Simulator

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Control electrical appliances using pc

Download Source code from code project


Circuit Diagram of this project

Related Docs :

Synopsis

Related PDF :

A System for Smart-Home Control of Appliances Based on Timer and Speech Interaction

Internet Home Control

Related Video :




Note: This Video is in Hindi language

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